Croatia

Intelligence of Errors acknowledges that identifying one’s own errors is key to developing collective intelligence systems in non-ideal, complex conditions. Directly linked to the overarching theme of “Intelligens”, the group of authors will peer into the “Pandora’s Box” of the Croatian built environment, drawing from it a series of context-based case study errors—spatial manifestations of planning, governance, and cultural processes. Errors are conditions created by human action or inaction, appearing within the built or unbuilt environment. They may be systemic, atypical, or accidental, inherently linked to notions of correctness, exactness, or authenticity. Always representing a deviation from the norm, errors are often invisible or deliberately concealed. In today’s context, crisis, climate change, and inequality are not seen as finite failures but as addressable errors. They play a key role in designing intelligent systems for problem-solving and social learning. The ability to identify and revise errors distinguishes systems that can learn and adapt from those that cannot.